In variable schedules of reinforcement, how does the rule about reinforcement operate?

In variable schedules of reinforcement, the rule about reinforcement operates based on an average number of responses, which is what makes this type of schedule distinct and effective. Instead of providing reinforcement after a fixed number of responses, as seen in fixed schedules, a variable schedule delivers reinforcement after a varying number of responses, centered around an average. This unpredictability often leads to a higher and more consistent rate of response, as the subject learns that reinforcement can occur at unpredictable intervals.

For example, if a slot machine pays out on average every 10 pulls but may pay out on the 5th, 12th, or 20th pull, players will continue to pull the lever without knowing precisely when the next reward will occur. This creates a persistent behavior that is resistant to extinction due to the excitement and anticipation of potential rewards. Thus, the correct understanding of variable schedules hinges on their inherent variability in reinforcement, which is based on an average rather than a strict rule.