What type of reinforcement involves the addition of a consequence to follow behavior?

The chosen answer is correct because positive reinforcement specifically refers to the process by which a desirable consequence is presented following a behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. In this context, "addition" indicates that something is added to the environment as a result of the behavior, enhancing its appeal.

For example, if a student receives praise or a reward after completing their homework, that praise or reward is the added consequence which reinforces the behavior of doing homework. This concept is fundamental in behaviorist theories, as it highlights how positive consequences can encourage repetition of certain behaviors.

The other options do not properly align with the definition of reinforcement. Negative reinforcement, for instance, involves the removal of a negative stimulus rather than adding a consequence, which does not fulfill the criteria established in the question about the introduction of a consequence. Similarly, positive reinforcement cannot be correctly described using subtraction or elimination, as these terms imply a reduction rather than an addition of a stimulus.

Overall, the question focuses on the concept of positive reinforcement as it relates to behavior modification through the addition of favorable outcomes.