Which one of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?

To understand why the answer is correct, it's essential to define primary reinforcers. Primary reinforcers are stimuli that fulfill basic biological needs and have intrinsic value. They consist of things necessary for survival, such as food, water, and warmth, all of which are crucial for sustaining life.

Toys, on the other hand, do not meet basic biological needs; they are considered secondary reinforcers. While toys may provide enjoyment or help in socialization and play, they do not satisfy fundamental needs necessary for survival. Therefore, they do not qualify as primary reinforcers.

This distinction highlights the essential nature of primary reinforcers in the context of behavior and learning, as they directly influence the motivation to engage in certain behaviors based on survival requirements.